There are several natural enemies that take their toll on all the stages of the Lymantria dispar (LD, formerly gypsy moth) life cycle. The insect and parasitoid species are adult ground beetles, stinkbugs, spiders, harvestmen, ants, and tiny wasps. Among the predators are mice, chipmunks, shrews, voles, skunks, raccoons, and squirrels. Bird species are orioles, starlings, robins, crows, black-capped chickadee, nuthatches and blue jays. Although this may seem like a lot of natural enemies, most cannot keep up with an LD population explosion. To learn more about the natural enemies of LD, visit
bit.ly/GM_Enemies.